Chrysomyxa rusts are fungal pathogens widely distributed in the Northern hemisphere, causing spruce needle and cone rust diseases, and they are responsible for significant economic losses in China.Taxonomic delimitation and precise species identification are difficult within this genus because some characters often overlap in several species.Adequa
Abstract Background Functional cooperation between FACT and the MCM helicase complex constitutes an integral step during DNA replication initiation.However, mode of regulation that underlies the proper functional interaction of FACT and MCM is poorly understood.Methods & Results Here we present evidence indicating that such interaction is coordinat
A navy blue lantern desirable lanthanide-based ratiometric fluorescence probe was designed as a multifunctional nanoplatform for the determination of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a unique bacterial endospore biomarker, with high selectivity and sensitivity.The carbon dots (CDs) with blue emission wavelengths at 470 nm are developed with europium ion (Eu
We study how functional constraints bound and shape evolution through an analysis of mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels.The primary function of sodium channels is to allow the propagation of action potentials.Since Hodgkin and Huxley, mathematical models have suggested that sodium channel properties need to be tightly constrained for an action
Ovarian follicular granulosa cells surround and nurture oocytes, and produce sex steroid hormones.It is believed that during development the ovarian surface epithelial cells penetrate into the ovary and develop into granulosa cells when associating with oogonia to form follicles.Using bovine fetal ovaries (n = 80) we identified a novel cell type, t